Development theories

"Development" is a terminoligy used in either multi-faces defenition. Traditional defenition given by Robert Chambers, defining develompent as "good change". In fact, development has shown other faces, even contrary to the good change tht mentioned by Robert Chambers. We can see some defenition related to perspectives theoretically or school of thoughts.

Modernization school of thought defines that development is economic growth, and social and political modernization. J.J. Rostow gives contribution by mentioning the five stage of growth, in his book, the stage of growth, a non communist manifesto. from the traditional society, precondition to take off, take off, dirve to maturity, and the high mass consumtion society

Structulalist/dependency school of thought defines that development is enrich the center (developed countries) and makes pheripery or developing countries poorer. Andre Gunder Frank, one of the leading thinkers of dependency theory, wrote development as underdevelopment, the inequality of the center and pheripery because of many factor: unjust structure and colonial history of the developing countries.
He propose another form which is called as national autonomy in the international/ global relation.

Human Development school of thought defines development as enlarging capasities of human to aim choices, development is a freedoms and choices. the more you have choice, the more you develop. they argued that the problem of the poverty is not because of lack of food, but deprivation of everyone to access the food. Amartya Sen, said that the earth gives enough human needs, but the problem is about the inequal distribution of the needs to every people

Post development school of thought, said that development as a hoax, made by developed countries particularly US. Development is done just for enlarging the hegemony of US. Development is disaster to the thrid world countries.

I think, development can be what every expert said above. every school of thought has an angle to see the development, such as institution and structure angle, actors or agency angle, international and politic angle. The views have weaknesses and strenghts. But, like Tim Allen said, Development is the reality, not just a discourse. Development is the real situation in every place, related to the context, and history of each society. Develompent is a progress that has immanent process in it self, where the structure, actors, social, and politic playing.

for 2101!!!